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Shared by Aerviva While many are looking forward to the opportunities the new year brings, the aviation sector is bracing for a serious skills shortage. According to the Global Services Forecast, by 2041, the industry will need as many as 585,000 new pilots, and judging by the current recruitment pace, airlines begin to worry that such numbers may not be easy to reach, if possible at all. These concerns can be felt across other areas of operation too — the deficit of aviation mechanics, for example, in the United States alone stands at 24,000 and is projected to only widen in the year to come. Post-pandemic recovery, technological advancements, and sustainability pressures are the key contributors to this challenge, raising the question of how could we approach it differently in 2025? A shortage of skills, not demand It’s no secret that the aviation industry’s workforce gap is compounded by rising demand for air travel. As passenger numbers are set to return to (or even surpass) pre-pandemic levels in the near future, the industry is preparing for an even greater surge in demand, especially in emerging economies like China, India, and Brazil. In China, for instance, having introduced new aircraft like the COMAC C919, the domestic market has never been so competitive, beginning to challenge the dominance of the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. Similarly, the U.S. domestic airline market is seeing a 6% increase in passenger traffic year-on-year, which, again, points to the growing need for skilled professionals. “As the pool of qualified candidates shrinks, competition among recruiting entities is becoming rather fierce,” explains Abdelmagid Bouzougarh, CEO of Aerviva. “In regions like the UK, where a shortage of trained staff has left airlines struggling to meet European and international traffic needs, airlines are developing new strategies to address the issue, such as offering retired pilots to return as either flight crew or training instructors, which illustrates the urgency of the situation.” Rethinking training efforts To tackle the skills shortage, aviation companies are having to rethink how they train and develop their teams — a historical shift in the broader corporate learning and development (L&D) landscape. Now, instead of blindly following traditional, also known as ‘one-size-fits-all’, training models, organisations are discovering the value of personalised learning paths. “We’ve noticed that a more tailored approach is key to increasing staff engagement, proven to empower individuals to grow in ways that align with both personal and organisational goals. In fact, companies prioritising personalised learning initiatives are experiencing lower turnover rates,” notes Bouzougarh. According to Flying Magazine, while the largest carriers seem to be picking up a pace in terms of post-pandemic recovery, regional airlines continue to struggle with staffing challenges, with some still having to offer substantial sign-up bonuses to lure new pilots. Smaller airlines, despite limited resources compared to their larger counterparts, are also taking active steps to address the skills shortage by forming strategic partnerships with training providers, offering personalised learning paths and encouraging a more diverse range of candidates to pursue a career in aviation. These cost-effective approaches can ensure a steady pipeline of skilled talent, which is especially relevant to smaller players facing budgeting limits, seasonality challenges, and other constraints. Other factors like technological advances or ambitious sustainability plans also play into higher demand for innovative technical training solutions. In order to keep up with the operational changes, pilots and maintenance professionals must deepen their knowledge in managing energy-efficient aircraft.Regarding cabin crew upskilling, due to rising safety concerns and disruptive passenger incidents, it is advised to pay more attention to safety and conflict-resolution skills. However, the complex and rapidly evolving regulatory environment further complicates the need for continuous re-training. From automation to upskilling Lengthy qualification timelines (e.g. two years for basic pilot training in the UK and up to four years for air traffic controllers) are yet another contributor to the bottleneck in the aviation talent pipeline. Luckily, automation and AI are here to ease some pressures. Flight simulators, for instance, speed up the training process and give the opportunity to gain practical experience without the risks associated with piloting an actual aircraft. Additionally, predictive maintenance tools are a great help in reducing workloads for technicians, while AI-driven scheduling improves operational efficiency. These modern solutions also remind us that there are two strands to the skills shortage issue: one is about responding to immediate needs, and then there are certain roles that are not getting the attention they deserve. “Today’s market is not just about aerospace engineers or pilots — let’s not forget we need data analysts to optimise maintenance schedules and flight operations, software developers to create advanced flight management systems, and cybersecurity experts to protect those systems from external threats,” comments Bouzougarh. As roles continue to evolve alongside innovations and technology trends, the only way forward is for airlines to invest in training, ensuring their workforce is prepared for the future. Findings from the ‘How the STEM World Works’ study show that almost half of all STEM specialists would rather learn the latest skills than make more money. Thus, not only do new recruits need to be trained to meet the demands of modern aviation, but existing teams also require constant support for their professional development to stay ahead of regulatory and technological changes. In addition to technical expertise, soft skills such as communication, collaboration, and emotional intelligence are becoming more desirable than ever before. Bouzougarh adds: “Industry leaders are calling for a greater emphasis on soft skills training, recognising that even though technical proficiency remains crucial, human-centric skills will drive performance and safety.” It’s important to understand that while technology continues to advance, full automation of daily operations remains a distant prospect. Human expertise is still indispensable, particularly for pilots, crew members, and manual ground operations. The need for flexibility tops all trends Looking ahead to 2025, the aviation industry’s approach to workforce development must align with broader global trends. The World Economic Forum’s Reskilling Revolution initiative, for example, aims to provide better skills and

By Shobha Kulavil The Aerospace and Defence (A&D) industry is constantly evolving to meet the demands of a rapidly-advancing world. As technology progresses by the second, the industry must adapt at the same pace to maintain its crucial role in protecting and navigating both the sky and seas. In 2025, new technologies are expected to reshape the industry, ensuring that it remains a leader in innovation and continues to have a major global impact. Some of the trends that are likely to arise in 2025 are: Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones Drone, a type of autonomous system, is expected to have a growing influence in the years to come. With their remarkable capabilities, UAVs are expanding the scope of human intervention. From surveillance and reconnaissance to more complex tasks such as electronic warfare, search and rescue mission, environmental monitoring, and training, drones are proving to be more than just gadgets—they’re becoming essential tools. Their ability to take on risky jobs that would typically require human involvement is beyond impressive. In the future, UAVs will likely become even more capable, revealing new facets of what they can do and making a significant impact across the industry. ZeroUI will replace the traditional interfaces and transform operations Zero User Interface (ZeroUI) has promising applications in autonomous systems like UAVs and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). It can serve as an optimal Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for voice and gesture control as well as for data analysis and visualization. ZeroUI also plays an important role in training and simulation, enhancing efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It will transform the A&D systems, revolutionizing the way operators engage with complex equipment and data. Gen AI is making systems smarter and safer Generative AI (Gen AI) is fostering a new era of innovation and operational efficiency. It has already made its way smoothly into many areas like aircraft design and optimization, autonomous systems, simulation, predictive maintenance, and more. What’s next? There’s no doubt that this groundbreaking technology will further transform the A&D industry in 2025, turning it upside down with the potential to redefine speed, precision, and decision-making capabilities. Blockchain will enable greater security and transparency Blockchain technology is making waves, paving the way for greater security, transparency, and operational efficiency. It is already being applied in critical areas such as supply chain management, secure data exchange, identity verification, and contract handling. By 2025, blockchain is poised to completely transform the A&D industry, transforming the way sensitive data is managed, boosting traceability, and tightening cybersecurity. The technology is set to redefine trust and modernize complex operations like never before. Hypersonic technology is offering fast and agile systems We are already seeing advancements with hypersonic missiles and vehicles, which are reshaping military strategies. What’s more exciting is that by 2025, this technology could completely transform how we think about defence and travel, with unprecedented speeds and precision. It has the potential to beat traditional defence systems and open up new possibilities for both military and commercial aerospace. Hybrid electric aircraft for sustainable aviation and fuel efficiency Electric and hybrid propulsion technologies are already being developed for smaller planes, aiming to reduce fuel consumption and lower emissions. Looking ahead, these technologies can transform aviation by making air travel more sustainable and cost-effective. Harnessing the power of Industry 4.0 through digital transformation The A&D industry will increasingly adopt Industry 4.0 technologies, such as digital twins and additive manufacturing (3D printing), in 2025. Digital twins will allow real-time monitoring of aircraft systems through their lifecycle, improving maintenance protocols and operational efficiency. Additive manufacturing will enable the production of lightweight components with reduced lead times. (The writer is Vice President and Industry Platform Leader for Aerospace & Defence – India, Capgemini)

By Mr. Ravi Soni, Executive Director, aerpace Industries Ltd. Urbanization in India is advancing at an unprecedented pace, bringing with it challenges of congestion, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. To combat these, innovative solutions are reshaping how we envision urban spaces. Among these groundbreaking innovations, the rise of electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, or air taxis, presents a transformative opportunity. This technology not only addresses pressing urban mobility issues but also plays a significant role in India’s journey toward a greener, more sustainable future. Rethinking Urban Mobility for Sustainability Indian cities are grappling with an overburdened transportation system. Conventional solutions such as expanding road networks and public transport are no longer sufficient. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) offers a sustainable alternative. Powered by clean energy, air taxis can alleviate traffic congestion, reduce carbon footprints, and transform the way people traverse urban spaces. By leveraging green technologies, these vehicles align with India’s commitment to reducing emissions and achieving climate goals. Air Taxis: Green, Efficient, and Revolutionary Unlike traditional vehicles, air taxis operate using electric propulsion systems, making them environmentally friendly. Their vertical take-off and landing capabilities eliminate the need for extensive infrastructure, such as long runways, enabling them to integrate seamlessly into urban landscapes. This feature is particularly crucial in densely populated cities like Mumbai and Delhi, where land is at a premium. The implementation of air taxis can significantly reduce commute times and stress levels. For instance, a journey that currently takes hours due to traffic bottlenecks could be completed in minutes via air taxis. This efficiency translates into enhanced productivity and improved quality of life for millions. Building a Greener Infrastructure For air taxis to thrive, a supporting ecosystem is essential. The development of vertiports – compact landing and take-off zones – will be pivotal. These facilities can be strategically located near transport hubs, business districts, and residential areas, fostering connectivity while minimizing their environmental impact. Additionally, integrating air taxis with renewable energy sources for charging infrastructure can further reinforce their green credentials. By doing so, we can establish a transportation model that not only serves urban needs but also champions environmental sustainability. India’s Role in the UAM Revolution India stands at the cusp of a mobility revolution, with initiatives like “Make in India” poised to bolster the domestic production of eVTOL technologies. By fostering collaboration between government bodies, private enterprises, and infrastructure developers, India can emerge as a global leader in sustainable urban mobility. Challenges such as airspace management, weather adaptability, and regulatory frameworks remain. However, continued innovation, rigorous testing, and adaptive policies will address these hurdles, ensuring the successful deployment of air taxis in the near future. Conclusion Transforming urban spaces into greener, more efficient environments requires bold and forward-thinking solutions. Air taxis epitomize this vision, offering a blend of innovation, sustainability, and practicality. By embracing this cutting-edge technology, India can set a benchmark for urban transformation, paving the way for a cleaner, brighter, and more connected future. The path to greener urban spaces is clear, and it’s soaring high—literally. (As the Executive Director of aerpace Industries, the writer brings over 23 years of rich experience and invaluable expertise in engineering goods production, specializing in Hydraulics and Pneumatics systems.)

Innovative approaches in solving industry-specific challenges Seasonality is an inseparable element of airline operations everywhere, especially in Europe, where carriers are now scheduling 65% more seats in August than in February (up from 50% in 2019), according to McKinsey. Such major fluctuations in demand put an additional strain on workforce management and operational efficiency in a market that is only going to grow. What are the practices airlines and other aviation stakeholders can implement to alleviate the situation? Abdelmagid Bouzougarh, CEO of international aviation recruitment firm Aerviva, shares his insights. How seasonality disrupts workforce management in aviation? While seasonality affects global airline operations in one way or another, the impact differs significantly depending on the region. For example, North American carriers, while somewhat affected by seasonal peaks around major holidays, benefit from well-established and popular year-round routes to warm destinations. Europe is where seasonal fluctuations are significantly stronger – there, major carriers reportedly earn around 30% of their annual revenue and 65% of operating profit in Q3 (when most Europeans take their annual leave). The Asia-Pacific region is yet again different in that regard, with more gradual seasonal variation, influenced by a unique post-pandemic recovery timeline, according to McKinsey. Leisure travel, strongly tied to fixed calendar events, like school holidays, is the driving force behind seasonality in air travel. And the demand for leisure travel has been increasing for a long time before the pandemic. In fact, between 2010 and 2019, leisure air trips across the world grew at 6.6% per year, nearly double the rate shown by business travel. The post-pandemic recovery period only exacerbated this trend, especially in such major markets as the United States, where leisure traffic managed to bounce back more robustly than business travel. As leisure travel becomes more sporadic and less tied to the traditional holiday schedule, this new reality poses additional challenges for the airline industry. “The increasing flexibility in work arrangements creates a snowball effect on aviation operations,” Bouzougarh said. “With nearly 70% of remote-capable workers choosing flexible arrangements, every weekend has the potential to be turned into a long holiday weekend. Combined with seasonal peaks, this creates conditions where companies and their crews are expected to handle more complex operational patterns while maintaining consistent service levels.” The strain on resources is considerable – the airline industry lost at least 400,000 staff members during the pandemic, and not everyone has been equally successful at filling this talent gap. “The recruitment landscape has fundamentally changed,” Bouzougarh said. “Positions that previously attracted dozens of qualified applicants now might receive just a few, and not even necessarily with the required qualifications. This shortage runs the gamut of all aviation roles, from ground handling to senior management.” It is worth noting that these challenges are felt even more acutely by smaller, regional airlines. After the pandemic, larger players managed to attract a significant portion of staff from smaller aviation companies. According to data from European Regions Airline Association (ERA), smaller and regional airlines are now facing attrition rates as high as 25%, which signals a pressing need to rethink talent management and retention strategies. An industry in search of solutions Airlines and airports around the world are responding with novel solutions to staffing issues – from establishing in-house academies to flexible work arrangements. One model that shows a creative approach that balances operational needs with staff engagement is the award-winning ‘four-day-work-and-one-day-innovation’ work model (4D+i) pioneered by Changi Airport Group in Singapore. By creating a framework where Fridays are explicitly dedicated to innovation, CAG not only improved its brand reputation, but also boosted the number of high-quality applications for full-time careers and early career programmes. “Understandably, not every aviation company can afford to radically transform its working model in order to attract talent. The good news is that they don’t really have to, as tried-and-tested approaches like career fairs work just as well. For example, Glasgow Airport’s 2024 Jobs Fair attracted over 2,000 job seekers, which shows that there is significant interest when it comes to career options within the industry,” Bouzougarh notes. In the coming years, AI-powered HR solutions will be commonplace. 67% of HR professionals surveyed by Korn Ferry responded that they see increased AI usage as a top talent acquisition trend for 2025. The aviation industry is already seeing solutions built with its unique needs in mind – like the Amelia platform launched by Airline Pilot Club, which aims to reduce recruitment-related time and costs by up to 30%. However, recruitment is only part of the picture. Retaining staff is becoming increasingly critical. The impact the pandemic had on the exodus of experienced personnel is still felt acutely. “Sadly, high numbers of experienced people were lost from the industry. Not only that but there has also been a large reduction of apprenticeships and technical training, which has created shortages,” Bouzougarh shares. Targeted retention initiatives can go a long way. Airports and airlines across the world are offering comprehensive benefits packages that include public transport discounts of up to 80%, retail discounts, free holiday parking, and access to free skills and training courses. Travel privileges are one of the most sought-after benefits and can include not only free flights, but discounts with rental car companies, hotels, theme parks, and so on. According to ERA, improving tax efficiency is a one of the ways smaller and regional airlines can enhance staff satisfaction. If the company designs a roster closely aligned to national income tax thresholds, crew can earn their income in a more tax efficient manner, without shifting to higher tax-brackets. This is especially true for higher earners, like captains. “Some companies do go the extra mile, like Southwest Airlines, which has made staff recognition a cornerstone of their Culture. With their Southwest Airlines Gratitude (SWAG) platform, they made it easy for peers and colleagues to appreciate one another and redeem valuable gifts,” Bouzougarh elaborates. Mental fitness is non-negotiable According to data from Grokker Innovation Labs, 87% of people in the aviation industry say that

By Sudip Sharma, CEO, Safe Fly Aviation Services Pvt. Ltd. Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles are transforming the aviation industry, promising a sustainable solution to urban transportation challenges. As the technology for these lightweight, electric-powered aircraft rapidly advances, the potential for urban air mobility (UAM) to reshape metropolitan life is becoming clearer. India and the UAE, both with distinctive urbanization patterns and strategic government interest, stand out as markets primed for eVTOL integration. The Asian market, with its rapidly growing population and economic expansion, presents unique opportunities and challenges for the adoption of eVTOL technology. Understanding eVTOL Technology eVTOL aircraft represent a new class of aviation technology, designed to take off and land vertically using electric propulsion. Unlike traditional planes that require runways or helicopters that rely on fuel-guzzling engines, eVTOLs can operate quietly and sustainably within urban areas. The technology leverages advancements in battery efficiency, lightweight materials, and autonomous systems to achieve energy-efficient flights with minimal noise and environmental impact. What sets eVTOL apart from existing air transportation options is its potential for easy access within city limits. Their ability to take off from small spaces, like rooftops or specialized “vertiports,” makes them ideal for urban settings, which face constraints with conventional airport infrastructure. The technology’s reduced carbon footprint aligns with global efforts toward greener aviation, while the autonomous flying capabilities envisioned for future models could make air travel even more accessible. The Global Rise of eVTOL: A Brief Overview The eVTOL market is seeing tremendous investment globally, with major aviation companies, tech startups, and even automotive manufacturers entering the fray. The global demand for eVTOL solutions is driven by the need to address urban congestion and reduce emissions. Notable players such as Joby Aviation, Lilium, and Vertical Aerospace are pioneering models that aim to make short-distance urban flights affordable and environmentally friendly. Around the world, cities like Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Paris are integrating eVTOL services as part of their urban mobility solutions. This global trend underscores the urgency with which urban air mobility solutions are being pursued, as cities explore ways to tackle challenges posed by growing populations and dense traffic. As Asian cities grapple with similar issues, India and the UAE are emerging as potentially significant players in adopting eVTOL to address specific regional needs. Urban Air Mobility and eVTOL: A Natural Fit for Asia Asia’s rapid urbanization has created unique challenges for mobility. The density of major cities in Asia, coupled with the strains on existing transportation infrastructure, makes eVTOL an appealing alternative. While cities like New York or London might benefit from eVTOLs, the scale of impact could be far greater in cities like Mumbai or Dubai, where congestion is a daily challenge. The need for innovative mobility solutions in these densely populated regions is urgent, and eVTOLs could help alleviate congestion by offering a fast, efficient alternative for short to medium-range travel. Furthermore, Asian cities often have limited space for new infrastructure, which makes the vertical take-off and landing capabilities of eVTOLs ideal for this landscape. The Appeal of eVTOL in India India’s ongoing urbanization presents both a challenge and an opportunity for eVTOL adoption. With some of the world’s most densely populated cities, such as Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore, India faces significant traffic congestion and pollution issues. eVTOL technology offers a solution by bypassing ground-level traffic and reducing emissions, aligning with India’s national goals to promote cleaner transportation alternatives. India’s interest in electric vehicles is already evident, with government incentives encouraging the production and adoption of electric cars, scooters, and buses. This trend could pave the way for eVTOL as the next frontier in electric mobility, positioning India as a leader in urban air mobility. Potential areas of application include commercial air taxis, medical emergency transport, and even delivery services in congested city centres. Infrastructure Challenges and Opportunities in India While the potential for eVTOLs in India is enormous, the country’s current aviation infrastructure poses significant challenges. Existing airports and heliports are limited in number and often heavily congested. To support eVTOL, India would need to develop new infrastructure, such as vertiports and charging facilities, as well as establish reliable communication networks for safe air traffic management. There are also opportunities for collaboration between the government, private sectors, and international aviation bodies to address these challenges. The Indian government’s recent interest in fostering startups and innovation within the aerospace industry may offer a favourable environment for eVTOL companies to thrive. Additionally, partnerships with major Indian cities to develop vertiport sites and ensure safe integration with urban transport could accelerate eVTOL adoption. UAE: A Pioneering Market for eVTOL The UAE has long been at the forefront of adopting advanced technologies, and its approach to transportation is no exception. The country’s Vision 2021 and Smart Dubai 2021 strategies emphasize the integration of smart, sustainable technologies in all aspects of urban life, and eVTOL fits seamlessly into these goals. Dubai and Abu Dhabi, in particular, present ideal settings for the launch of eVTOL air taxis and other urban air mobility solutions, thanks to their advanced infrastructure and supportive regulatory frameworks. Dubai, known for its ambition to lead in innovative urban transport solutions, has already been testing drone taxis and advanced air mobility concepts. The Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has been proactive in exploring eVTOL options, aligning with Dubai’s aspiration to transform a quarter of its total trips into autonomous transport by 2030. This progressive vision, coupled with the UAE’s strategic investments in futuristic transportation, suggests a strong and promising market for eVTOL technology. eVTOL Infrastructure in UAE: Setting an Example The UAE’s existing infrastructure and investment in smart mobility create an ideal environment for eVTOL integration. Dubai, in particular, has made strides in pioneering projects aimed at positioning it as a global leader in autonomous transport. The city’s efficient transportation network, which includes dedicated lanes, metro lines, and ride-sharing systems, provides a robust base upon which eVTOL operations can expand. The Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has already partnered with

By Kjell Mathisen, Corporate Training Manager at Aviator Aviation is a tool to connect people across different cultures and abilities worldwide, and every company in air travel must work to expand the accessibility of passenger air service so more people can experience the miracle of flight comfortably. The need to provide equal access to air travel is such an important and shared value that both United Nations conventions and the European Parliament have created laws aimed at ensuring airlines accommodate persons with disabilities. Both UN and EU laws frame regulations concerning passengers with disabilities in terms that grant these passengers rights, meaning that violations of these provisions would constitute discrimination. Despite these laws, airlines and airports occasionally make headlines that lead to government hearings and media scrutiny regarding discrimination. Aviator Airport Alliance, a full-range provider of aviation services at 15 airports across the Nordics and part of the Avia Solutions Group family, ensures airlines can accommodate persons with disabilities daily as part of their behind-the-scenes work in airline operations. Kjell Mathisen, Corporate Training Manager at Aviator, outlines the details of what goes into ground handlers’ efforts to provide accessibility. “When we meet or assist a passenger with a disability the most important thing is respect; everyone should be able to access and fly comfortably, and we work to increase accessibility in several ways,” Mathisen says. “There isn’t a single person who works to make these accommodations; we all work together to provide the best travel experience.” Mathisen explains that there are multiple stages of training on various tasks to enhance accessibility. There are different levels of detail and quality of customer service instilled in each stage to address passenger needs. Every staff member at Aviator receives additional training specific to serving passengers with disabilities, and Aviator uses agreed-upon international guidance to develop this training for airport passenger service and ramp agents. “Our training to accommodate persons with disabilities comes from organizations like the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC), as well as other regulations and recommendations, which provide which provide a code of conduct we must follow,” Mathisen says. “This global standard is reinforced by local regulations and an understanding of best practices we have developed through our experience to ensure passengers receive what they need to fly.” While IATA and other regulators and organizations such as ECAC set a universal standard for training, Aviator, as a full-range service provider, works with several airlines at each airport, with each having different procedures. Mathisen notes that passengers with disabilities inform airlines when they need accommodations such as wheelchair transport. “We receive information on the services required within hours, or sometimes only just in-time before every flight, and occasionally, there is no information provided at all,” he says. “We must always be ready to adjust and cater to passenger needs.” Beyond passenger service, Aviator also supports those with disabilities on the ramp, as wheelchairs and mobility devices are stored in the aircraft’s cargo bay. Mathisen states that ground handlers handle all types of mobility devices several times daily. “When equipped with batteries, mobility devices are regulated as dangerous goods, requiring special regulations and treatment for their flights,” Mathisen says. “This is why we train everyone to understand and share a culture where accommodating and handling these devices is important, ensuring there is no single point of failure.” Mathisen adds that some airports the company handles passengers with disabilities more frequently. “We see increased traffic and offer more accommodations at our stations where there are large hospitals, such as university or specialist hospitals,” Mathisen says. “Many passengers fly to access medical care at this hospital, and we definitely see an uptick in service required, so it’s important that we can provide this connection to medical care.” Mathisen adds that the carriers will also see increased traffic at its other stations related to leisure trips, where the ground-handler and airport service provider’s accessibility helps make vacations possible. Regardless for reason for the trip such as traveling for leisure, medical care, reunion, no matter the circumstance, Mathisen emphasizes his concern for the experience of passengers with disabilities, training Aviator staff to be flexible and provide the best accommodations. “This is an opportunity to build a relationship with our passengers, and we use the increased interaction we have with passengers to foster a positive relationship through this customer service. ( Aviator is part of the Avia Solutions Group family, the world’s largest ACMI provider (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance), operating a fleet of 220 aircraft.) ”

New York,23rd September, 2024: As global air traffic demand exceeds pre-pandemic levels in 2024, airlines are turning their attention to fleet expansion, according to a new report from Alton Aviation Consultancy. Despite record profits, operators need to consider short- and long-term strategies to overcome production issues and secure additional capacity. The global aviation advisory firm today released its independent 2024-2034 Commercial Aircraft Fleet Forecast, offering detailed insight into current market conditions, alongside a 10-year forecast of air traffic demand and the active fleet. Alton’s projections indicate the fleet should increase from 31,000 aircraft in operation today to 41,100 by 2034, marking an annual growth rate of 2.8%.   Adam Guthorn, report co-author and managing director in Alton’s New York office, says: “While dynamics differ in each region, the bounce back of global air travel has seen airlines shift their focus from recovery to expansion. We expect to see global passenger air traffic demand to increase by 4% annually over the next decade, with Asia-Pacific leading new growth. “Across all regions, we’re seeing strong demand for narrowbody jets such as the Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX family aircraft, and we anticipate this trend to continue over the next 10 years. Narrowbody aircraft will account for two-thirds of the market by 2034, rising from 60% today.” Despite optimistic projections, airlines face challenges as OEMs struggle to ramp up the production of new aircraft. The current aircraft shortage coupled with ongoing supply chain uncertainties and new engine technology challenges have prompted airlines to retain older aircraft to meet near-term capacity requirements. Alan Lim, report co-author and director in Alton’s Singapore office, says: “We’re seeing substantial order backlogs that in some cases, stretch to 2030 and beyond. Airlines have responded to the shortage of new aircraft by keeping older aircraft in operation for longer, slowing down retirements. While this solution is anticipated over the next few years, we expect the trend to reverse in the medium term when production delays are resolved. “Any changes to the macroeconomic outlook or geopolitical environment have the potential to tilt the industry’s anticipated rate of growth. To navigate these challenges, airlines will need to be nimble and forward-looking, while considering a range of different eventualities. Keeping focused on the road ahead, carrying on with the execution of long-term strategies while being adaptable to fast-changing industry conditions will be critical to success.”

Airport slot co-ordination is an intriguing science; the allocation of slots is highly competitive and the top slots fiercely guarded. Artemis Aerospace investigates how airline slots are apportioned. As you follow a flight on Flightradar or gaze up at contrails criss-crossing a clear blue sky, have you ever wondered exactly how aircraft slots are organised? It may be that you thought it’s a global free-for-all, and that any airline can decide to put on a flight from Heathrow to Sydney whenever they felt like it, and if they then change their mind and want to go from Gatwick to Melbourne there’s nothing to stop them from doing that. Well, you’d be wrong – each and every flight worldwide from a major airport has to stick to its allocated slot. An airport slot is simply permission to use the airport infrastructure such as the runway, gates and terminal building, on specific dates and at specific times to enable an aircraft to take off or land. Slots are issued under guidelines released biannually by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Worldwide Airports Slots Group after consultation with airlines and other stakeholders. Their intention is to provide fair access and the necessary coordination to all airlines and promote safety and effectiveness at the busiest airports. In the UK, slots are then allocated by the operator and airport-funded company Airport Coordination Ltd (ACL), which was the world’s first independent slot coordinator, and which assigns slots for winter and summer travel. There are three levels of this coordination: • Level 1 – no coordination needed as the airport capability is usually adequate to meet demand. • Level 2 – coordination is mutually agreed with airlines as there is potential for congestion at peak times. • Level 3 – an airport where its ability to handle flights is considerably exceeded by demand on its services; all airlines and operators have slot allocations. IATA holds a conference twice a year to decide on slots which is attended by over 400 representatives of airports and operators, all of whom are jockeying for slots which will enable them to grow their aviation business in the most advantageous way. As slots are limited and many are in great demand, some airlines used to acquire them in order to assert their dominance over a particular route, blocking competition but not actually using them themselves. This practice was banned by the introduction of a series of rules, the main one of which is the 80/20 ‘use it or lose it’ rule. This states that airlines must use at least 80% of their slot allocation per airport, and if they fail to do this the slot will be given to another airline. During major global crises such as the Covid pandemic, however, these rules were temporarily suspended. According to IATA, there are more than 200 Level 3 airports worldwide, and around 50% of all airline passengers depart from a Level 3 airport, with 35% of all flights operating between two Level 3 airports. London Heathrow is the UK’s biggest airport and the fourth busiest in the world, serving nearly 80 million passengers in 2023 – it’s also the holder of some of the most valuable slots in the world. ACL’s data for the winter season 2023-2024 shows that British Airways held 4779 slots at Heathrow, by far the largest number and over half the total number of slots allocated. In second place by a very long way comes Virgin Atlantic with 392 slots. Lufthansa is third with 290, Aer Lingus fourth with 288, United Airlines fifth with 278 and American Airlines sixth with 270. The desirability of a slot can wax or wane depending on the popularity of a specific destination. Winter and summer travel show obvious differences, and slots which dovetail neatly with commercial travellers’ needs are always high on the popularity list. Sometimes more unusual reasons can trigger a slot demand, such as ‘screen tourism’ – Aer Lingus acquired a new slot from Ireland West Airport to Heathrow after the film ‘Banshees of Inisherin’ showcased the beauty of the west of Ireland. The shortage of slots means that competition is fierce for the most profitable ones. Although IATA does not promote sale or bidding wars, it permits airlines to trade slots, or lease them if they aren’t utilising them, as otherwise they would be forfeited. One legendary trade took place in 2016 when Oman Air bought a pair of Heathrow slots from Air France-KLM for US$75 million. Bargains are also to be had in the wake of global events – Aeroflot’s ban from Heathrow after the invasion of Ukraine meant a field day for the six airlines which picked up around 1300 slots. Slot allocation is intended to prevent delays, safeguard passengers and ensure the optimum passage of aircraft in and out of the airport – so when you next glance up and spot an Airbus winging its way across the sky, think of the complex transactions which allowed it to get there.  

Aircraft design has always catered to customer needs. For the global aviation industry, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such as Boeing and Airbus have all turned to their end users — the airlines — for design inspiration for aircraft models. Airline input leads to incredible and unique aircraft designs with a wide range of capabilities. After the dawn of the jet age, airlines required speed as a key element of their business strategy, leading to designs like the Convair 990 and the Concorde. However, with dramatic increases in operating costs, airlines have opted for increasingly efficient aircraft as a design priority for OEMs. While aircraft and engine technology has changed, a question for pilots and industry experts alike remains: What aircraft designs will be most popular in the future? Jekaterina Shalopanova, Chief Business Officer of Aerviva, provides insight into aircraft design preferences in today’s and tomorrow’s business environment. Aircraft orders of 2023 “To understand what aircraft will be popular in 2040, we can examine order books today to determine preferences in the market,” Shalopanova said. The A321neo outperformed other aircraft in the Airbus catalog, representing 56% of the OEM’s sales of both single-aisle and widebody passenger aircraft that year. Narrowbody aircraft accounted for 1,977 units in Airbus’ order report for 2023, compared to the 342-strong purchase of widebodies. “The Airbus order book of 2023 demonstrates a preference for large, single-aisle aircraft, with the A321neo representing 66% of all narrowbody orders,” Shalopanova said. The A321neo and the smaller A320neo generated commitments for 1,313 and 520 aircraft, respectively, with the A321neo earning commitments from 51 customers, four more than the A320neo. The most recent additions in the European aerospace conglomerate’s order book reflected a desire for the increased efficiency of 220-240 seat aircraft, while Airbus’ widebody A350 received 98 more orders than the A330neo. “These counts reflect the increased range advantages of the A321neo’s potential revenue per seat mile as that design is coupled with lower operating costs than previous variants,” Shalopanova said. The implied market preference among Airbus’ widebody aircraft is oriented toward the A350-900, which accounted for 52% of Airbus twin-aisle aircraft orders, outpacing the similarly sized 787-10 by representing 69% of all orders for commercial aircraft of that size. Boeing’s reporting for 2023 indicated a customer preference for the 737 MAX, which represented 67% of Boeing Commercial Airplanes’ orderbook. The 987 orders for the 737 MAX family show an appetite for efficient narrowbody aircraft with the capability to carry approximately 150-190 passengers. The majority of Boeing customers’ widebody selections were awarded to the 787-9, which garnered 242 commitments compared to 65 for the 787-10 and 116 for the 777X family of aircraft. Customer taste translates to 2040 “While Boeing’s commitment to not diminish crew availability and training in the design of the 737 MAX was aided by sizable increases in comparative efficiencies, the Airbus orders demonstrate clear preferences for specialization in available aircraft capacity options for economies of scope within the aviation industry,” Shalopanova said. “Airbus’ passenger aircraft customers of 2023 showed a tendency toward efficient, long-range single-aisle aircraft with airlines showing a preference for showing the right sized aircraft for every route.” Currently, both Boeing and Airbus deliveries still lag behind pre-pandemic levels. In 2023, Airbus delivered 735 aircraft compared to 863 in 2019. Boeing, for its part, delivered 528 aircraft in 2023 compared to 806 in 2018, with the plane manufacturer experiencing a drop in deliveries in 2019 due to the 737 MAX groundings. Delivery timelines have also been increasingly protracted. For example, Japan Airlines’ recent order of the 787-9 announced at this year’s Farnborough International Airshow won’t see deliveries until 2028. “With such extended timelines for aircraft delivery, one can conclude that the aircraft of 2040 will look much like those of today given customer preference for dependable aircraft that are precisely tailored to perform efficiently for an ever-increasing variety of narrowbody routes,” Shalopanova said. “Certain upsets, including sustainable aviation fuel and the economic cost of aviation stemming from stresses such as supply chain and workforce shortages, could have a larger influence on aircraft orders for the next decade.” There needs to be many adoptions for the commercial use-case of aviation for electric aircraft. To gain traction, electric powerplants still need to be further researched and developed to deliver meaningful range capabilities. As for blended wing body designs, no passenger design currently proposed has generated orders, although NASA’s studies of the concept have garnered support from Boeing. The greatest and simultaneously most likely deviation from the norm is Boom’s Overture, which has commitments from United Airlines for luxury use, but the development of this single-aisle, supersonic type still faces significant challenges. “The preference for today’s longer-range narrowbody aircraft means pilots should be prepared to operate more types of aircraft,” Shalopanova said. “Beyond 2040, the next steps for the industry will include pursuing increased efficiency correlating with higher selectivity for aircraft that airlines can feasibly operate under labour and regulatory constraints of the future.” A380 operations in 2040: An unlikely comeback The first decade of the millennium promised a resurgence in large passenger quad jets such as the A380 and 747-8, while the second decade saw the end of production for both of those types. Although large aircraft types appeared to be going out of favor before the COVID-19 pandemic, the A380 has made somewhat of a recovery in the industry, and airline executives speculating on options to extend the aircraft’s life after Airbus’ CEO of Commercial Aircraft Christian Scherer reiterated that restarting production is not ruled out. “The A380 is a standout case in aviation due to its size,” Shalopanova said. “The double-decker aircraft can offer seating for 525 passengers at the cost of requiring upgrades to airport infrastructure to accommodate it.” The twin-deck Airbus has a wingspan of 79.8 meters and is capable of a maximum take-off weight of nearly 560,000 kg. Operating a four-engine jet is expensive as the powerplants require more fuel and often more maintenance. “Such a massive aircraft made financial sense

The rapid expansion of Indian aviation is set against the backdrop of a critical shortage of qualified AMEs. Traditional training pathways, which typically span 2 to 4 years, are insufficient to meet the burgeoning demand. The industry’s survival hinges on the quality and availability of maintenance and service engineers, underscoring the need for an accelerated and effective training approach.Dhriti Prasanna Mahanta of Teamlease Degree Apprenticeship highlights the current industry situation and suggest various wayout to strengthen the upcoming demand of skilled manpower. India’s aviation sector is soaring as a bellwether of the nation’s economic rise. Fueled by a growing middle class with increasing disposable income, and rising travel demand, the industry is experiencing explosive growth. Passenger and cargo traffic are soaring, prompting airlines to expand routes and the government to invest in new and upgraded airports. This strategic investment translates to impressive economic multipliers, with each unit invested generating a significant 6.1x increase in employment opportunities and a remarkable 3.25x increase in overall economic output. Contributing a substantial 5% to India’s GDP and creating an estimated 4 million jobs, aviation has become a powerful economic engine. However, a storm cloud looms on the horizon: a crippling 17% skilled workforce deficit, projected to balloon to over 25% by year’s end, across key roles including pilots, air traffic controllers, engineers, and maintenance technicians, especially Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs). The projections indicate a requirement for at least 13,000-15,000 AMEs over the next decade. Leading flight operators in the country have collectively placed orders for approximately 1,200 aircraft, underscoring the escalating demand for skilled professionals to maintain and service these planes. However, the current recognition of the AME course by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) as a certificate course rather than a graduation degree poses a significant challenge. Despite their essential role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of aircraft, AMEs face limitations in career advancement due to the lack of formal degree recognition. An AME, in schools, is certified either in B1 (mechanical-based courses that focus on aircraft systems like airframes, engines, and landing gears) or B2 (avionic-based courses that focus on electrical and electronic equipment, instrumentation, navigation, and radio systems). Even after completing a four-year course, individuals must be trained under an AME before they are allowed to take the lead. According to industry estimates, the country has around 7,000 AMEs in various aircraft Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) facilities. However, a significant gap exists between the employability skills these schools provide and those demanded by the industry. Unless addressed, this talent drought could significantly impede India’s aviation ambitions. It is imperative for all stakeholders to collaborate in bridging this gap and ensuring the continued efficient operation of this vital sector. Degree apprenticeships can play a crucial role in aligning educational outcomes with industry requirements, providing a practical solution to this pressing issue. Leveraging Degree Apprenticeships to Meet Industry Demands Degree apprenticeships offer a promising solution to the skilled workforce deficit in India’s aviation sector, particularly for roles like Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs). By combining practical, on-the-job training with formal academic learning, degree apprenticeships enable AMEs to “learn while earning,” gaining both hands-on experience and a recognized degree. This model not only addresses the immediate need for skilled professionals but also fosters career advancement, integrates industry-relevant curriculum, reduces recruitment costs, bridges theory and practice, ensures quality assurance, provides industry networking opportunities, and promotes continuous skill enhancement, ensuring comprehensive development aligned with global standards and industry needs. For example, a degree apprenticeship program could allow AMEs to work at aviation companies while pursuing a degree in aerospace engineering or a related field. Companies benefit by investing in training future professionals tailored to their specific needs, potentially reducing recruitment costs and ensuring a steady pipeline of skilled workers. Moreover, integrating a credit-based framework would enable AMEs to leverage their existing qualifications towards a degree, enhancing their career prospects and meeting industry standards effectively. In addition to degree apprenticeships, aligning training programs with the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF) could further enhance skill development in the aviation sector. The NSQF provides a standardized framework for competency-based education and training, ensuring that qualifications are recognized nationally and internationally. By adopting NSQF-aligned curricula and certifications, AME colleges can improve the employability of graduates and meet the evolving demands of the aviation industry. Enhancing Infrastructure and Industry Collaboration Enhancing infrastructure and updating training facilities are crucial steps to bridge the gap between theoretical learning and practical skills. Industry leaders like IndiGo and Air India are investing in advanced training academies and infrastructure development in India. These initiatives aim to modernize training methodologies, provide state-of-the-art facilities, and offer specialized programs that meet international standards. By integrating a credit-based framework, AMEs can enhance their academic credentials and gain a comprehensive skill set required for career advancement. Implementing qualification modularity allows AMEs to build their education flexibly and step-by-step, aligning with their career goals and industry needs. Additionally, major aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus are injecting billions of dollars into the development of aviation infrastructure in India, which includes setting up advanced training facilities and partnering with educational institutions to offer specialized programs. These investments aim to modernize training methodologies and build a robust talent pipeline. By investing in on-the-job training (OJT) and work-integrated learning programs, these companies can ensure that students gain practical experience under the guidance of industry experts, bridging the gap between academic knowledge and real-world application. This proactive approach enhances the employability of graduates and strengthens the overall competitiveness of India’s aviation industry on a global scale. Advocating for Policy Changes Advocating for policy changes is crucial to elevating the status of the AME program. This will ensure that AMEs receive a more holistic education that combines hands-on experience with in-depth theoretical knowledge, facilitates career progression for AMEs, and provides a steady supply of highly skilled professionals to meet the growing demands of India’s burgeoning aviation sector. Given these developments, the intervention of the DGCA has become even more essential. As the