Features

By Sudeep Sharma,CEO, Safe Fly Services Pvt. Ltd. India’s aviation industry has witnessed remarkable growth over the past decade, transforming from a fledgling sector into one of the fastest-growing aviation markets globally. As the country navigates 2025 and looks ahead, the aviation sector stands at the forefront of India’s development narrative. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the government’s strategic vision and robust policy framework are propelling Indian aviation into a new era of innovation, connectivity, and economic prosperity. India’s Aviation Market: A Snapshot of Growth India is now the third-largest aviation market in the world, trailing only the United States and China. With a population of over 1.4 billion and increasing disposable incomes, air travel has become a preferred mode of transportation for millions. By 2025, the industry is projected to handle nearly 520 million passengers annually, up from 341 million in 2020. This exponential growth is fuelled by a mix of factors, including increasing domestic and international connectivity, rising middle-class aspirations, and government-backed initiatives like UDAN. These elements align seamlessly with PM Modi’s vision of making air travel accessible and affordable for every Indian. Infrastructure Expansion: Building a Future-Ready Aviation Ecosystem One of the cornerstones of India’s aviation growth is the significant investment in infrastructure. Recognizing the need for state-of-the-art facilities, the Modi government has prioritized airport modernization and construction. New Airport Projects By 2025, India aims to operationalize 220 airports, heliports, and water aerodromes. The Jewar Airport near Delhi, projected as the largest in Asia upon completion, exemplifies India’s ambition. Similarly, airports in Mopa (Goa), Navi Mumbai, and Deoghar showcase the government’s commitment to ensuring world-class facilities nationwide. Digital Transformation in Airports Airports across India are adopting cutting-edge technologies like facial recognition, biometric systems, and artificial intelligence to enhance passenger convenience. Initiatives such as the DigiYatra program streamline processes, making Indian airports some of the most technologically advanced globally. Green Airports The Modi government has also emphasized sustainability. Airports like Cochin and Delhi are setting benchmarks in green energy use, aligning with India’s climate goals. Solar power installations and energy-efficient operations are making Indian airports a model for sustainable aviation. Fleet Expansion and Airline Growth India’s airlines are rapidly expanding their fleets to cater to growing demand. By 2025, Indian carriers, led by giants like IndiGo, Air India, and SpiceJet, are expected to operate over 1,500 aircraft. Air India’s Global Renaissance Under its new management, Air India has embarked on an ambitious growth strategy, including plans for one of the largest aircraft orders in history. The airline aims to reclaim its position as a leading global carrier, projecting India’s aviation prowess internationally. Rise of Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) Low-cost carriers dominate India’s aviation market, making air travel affordable for millions. Their success is a testament for democratizing air travel, ensuring even remote areas have access to affordable flights. Focus on Regional and International Connectivity The government’s dual focus on regional and international connectivity is driving aviation growth: Regional Connectivity Under the UDAN scheme, regional airports like Hubli, Belgaum, and Kishangarh have emerged as vital hubs. This approach not only boosts local economies but also supports tourism and trade in previously untapped regions. International Connectivity India’s robust international expansion is evident in its increasing bilateral agreements and partnerships. The government’s Open Sky Policy has facilitated more direct flights, connecting Indian cities to global destinations. By 2025, Indian airports are expected to handle over 200 million international passengers annually, positioning India as a global aviation hub. Policy Reforms: Fuelling Growth 100% FDI in Aviation To attract global investments, the government has permitted 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) in the aviation sector under the automatic route. This move has spurred significant interest from international players, paving the way for partnerships, innovation, and capital infusion. Rationalizing Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) Taxes High ATF costs have historically been a challenge for Indian airlines. The Modi government’s initiatives to rationalize taxes and streamline supply chains are reducing operational costs and improving airline profitability. Skill Development in Aviation Recognizing the need for a skilled workforce, the government has launched programs like the Aviation Skill Development Council. These initiatives are creating a talent pool of pilots, engineers, and ground staff, ensuring India’s aviation industry has the human capital to sustain its growth. Tourism and Aviation: A Symbiotic Relationship Tourism and aviation are interdependent sectors, and India’s rich cultural heritage is drawing millions of international tourists annually. The government’s efforts to boost tourism, including e-visas and promotional campaigns like “Dekho Apna Desh,” are directly contributing to aviation growth. Destinations like Varanasi, Jaipur, and Kochi are experiencing a surge in international arrivals, further highlighting the interplay between tourism and connectivity. Sustainability in Aviation: A Priority The 41st ICAO Assembly adopted a long-term global aspirational goal (LTAG) for international aviation of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and India has actively involved itself making sustainability one of its core focus. The government is promoting the use of biofuels, reducing carbon footprints, and adopting electric and hybrid technologies in ground operations. By 2025, India aims to become a global leader in green aviation initiatives, setting an example for emerging markets. Emerging Trends: The Road Ahead Integration of Advanced Technologies Artificial intelligence, predictive maintenance, and blockchain technologies are transforming the aviation industry. Indian airlines and airports are increasingly adopting these innovations to enhance efficiency and safety. Rise of Urban Air Mobility The government is exploring the potential of air taxis and drones to revolutionize urban mobility. Pilot projects in cities like Bengaluru and Hyderabad indicate India’s readiness to embrace futuristic solutions. Cargo and Logistics Expansion With the e-commerce boom, cargo aviation is witnessing unprecedented growth. Dedicated cargo hubs and modernized freight facilities are bolstering India’s position as a global logistics hub. Challenges and Opportunities While the Indian aviation sector is on a remarkable growth trajectory, challenges like high operating costs, infrastructure bottlenecks, and regulatory complexities still remains. However, these challenges are being addressed through targeted reforms, collaborative policy making, and strategic investments at various levels. The sector also presents

By Zeena Philip,COO,Rossell Techsys Limited: The aerospace and defence (A&D) sectors are undergoing a significant transformation as global industries adapt to technological innovations and evolving market demands. According to a report by Zion Market Research, the global aerospace and defence industry is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 8.2% between 2023 and 2030, reaching a market size of around USD 1,388 billion. This growth underscores the sector’s transition toward a promising and dynamic future. Despite past challenges such as supply chain disruptions, manufacturing inefficiencies, and talent shortages, the industry is poised for a resurgence. Digital transformation and emerging technologies are driving the sector’s evolution, promising greater adaptability, efficiency, and innovation. Additionally, governments and private enterprises are increasingly focusing on collaborative efforts to propel the industry forward. These partnerships are not only fostering advancements in technology but also ensuring long-term sustainability, creating a balanced approach to innovation and environmental responsibility. 1. The Rise of Automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Automation and AI have witnessed tremendous growth and are increasingly pivotal in the A&D sectors. • In Defence: AI is revolutionizing operations by enabling advanced defence systems, cyber security solutions, and autonomous weaponry. AI-powered systems can detect and mitigate cyber threats through real-time network analysis. Additionally, AI is instrumental in developing autonomous vehicles such as drones, submarines, and unmanned ground vehicles. These advancements enhance surveillance, reduce risks, and provide superior operational insights. • In Aerospace: AI automates manual processes, reduces human error, and streamlines operations like maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO). AI-driven insights uncover patterns in data, enabling proactive decision-making. Moreover, AI enhances operational efficiency and customer experience, providing seamless solutions to complex challenges. The integration of AI is also extending to predictive analytics, where the technology is used to anticipate maintenance needs, minimize downtime, and prevent costly delays. These advancements are significantly improving the reliability and lifespan of aerospace systems. 2. Beyond the Horizon: Space and Satellite Technology Space exploration and satellite technology are reshaping the A&D landscape. The increasing importance of space security and technological evolution has spurred advancements in satellite infrastructure, reusable launch vehicles, and space exploration. These technologies support military operations with enhanced intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. In addition, the commercial space sector is gaining momentum, with private players investing heavily in satellite communications, interplanetary missions, and space tourism. This growing interest is fuelling innovation in reusable spacecraft and cost-effective launch systems, making space more accessible than ever before. A growing focus on geospatial intelligence has also highlighted the need to address space debris or “space junk.” Sustainable practices such as debris mitigation and removal are critical for ensuring accessibility to valuable orbits. This sustainability drive also paves the way for commercial applications like space mining and lunar exploration. 3. Advanced Defence Equipment Defence technology is advancing rapidly, incorporating innovations like hypersonic weapons, directed energy systems, and self-healing materials. • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Drones are becoming indispensable for surveillance, environmental monitoring, and search-and-rescue missions, reducing human risk and increasing operational intelligence. • Wearable Technology: Smart defence gear is bridging the gap between human capability and technological advancement. For example, AR-enabled visors and wearable devices improve situational awareness, navigation, and combat readiness. The SMART Soldiers initiative in India is a testament to the growing adoption of such technologies. The industry is also witnessing advancements in next-generation materials, such as nanotechnology-based coatings, which offer enhanced durability and stealth capabilities. These materials are driving innovation in aircraft and vehicle design, allowing for greater efficiency and operational effectiveness. 4. Immersive Technology Immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are enhancing efficiency in the A&D sectors. • Training and Simulation: VR and AR create safe, customizable environments for soldier training and mission rehearsals, reducing errors and improving readiness. • Aircraft Manufacturing and Maintenance: These technologies streamline aircraft production and maintenance, ensuring higher accuracy and reduced downtime. AR also aids pilots by providing real-time situational awareness during training and operations. As immersive technologies continue to evolve, their potential applications extend beyond training. For instance, AR-enabled head-up displays (HUDs) are being integrated into cockpits, enhancing pilot awareness and safety during critical operations. The future of immersive technology in A&D is promising, with innovations aimed at improving decision-making, reducing costs, and enhancing overall mission success. 5. Sustainable Development Sustainability has emerged as a critical focus in the A&D industry. Efforts to reduce carbon footprints and embrace environmentally friendly practices are shaping innovation. • Hybrid-Electric Propulsion: By combining conventional engines with electric motors, this technology reduces fuel consumption and emissions. •Green Aircraft: Lightweight, aerodynamic designs and the use of sustainable aviation fuels are driving the development of eco-friendly aircraft, addressing global climate concerns. Additionally, the sector is exploring alternative energy sources like hydrogen-powered aircraft, which offer zero-emission solutions for the future. Governments and industry leaders are collaborating on policy frameworks and infrastructure development to accelerate the adoption of sustainable aviation technologies. Conclusion The aerospace and defence industry is undergoing a profound transformation, fuelled by advancements in technology, sustainability, and operational efficiency. From AI-driven automation to space exploration, green aviation, and immersive technologies, the sector is navigating new opportunities while addressing complex challenges. Collaborative efforts among governments, private enterprises, and research institutions are playing a pivotal role in shaping the industry’s future. As the aerospace and defence sectors continue to innovate and evolve, the outlook remains optimistic. Long-term growth, enhanced global security, and sustainable practices are set to define the next era of this dynamic industry, creating a future where technology and responsibility converge. ( Views expressed in the article are of the writer) 

By Capt Peeush Kumar: The idea of cost-efficient, silent short-haul flights has been the unique value proposition of AAM systems. Entailing transfers of humans/material, it can be piloted/non-piloted/optionally-piloted and use variety of fuels.The Indian business space offers vast landmass of 32,87,263 sq.km [1]with limited communication infrastructure and pockets of high-density urban locations.A differential from western commercial space is highlighted by India’s annual GDP per capita being less than $2.5K [1]. For comparison, European Union and United States have reported GDP per capita of $81K+ and $40K+ respectively for 2023[1]. In this contained framework, AAM systems are visualised to meet demands in business workspace. Penetration of drones in India has its reflections already available in the environment. Related apprehensions indicate acceptability of only piloted AAM systems over autonomous configurations, at least during injection phase. These AAM systems support plausibility of remote area application as primary and UAM (Urban Air Mobility) as secondary. Primary nature of flights could constitute medical support/assist disaster management especially in difficult access areas and predicated on public funds. UAM as secondary vertical to meet door-to-door transfers of high-net-worth individuals on the other hand is a realisable option. Core operations of AAM systems are characterised beyond airports and envisaged closer to helicopters than aeroplanes. Reliable, uninterrupted transfers of humans/material by day/night/weather are least expectations of a contemporary aviation consumer. It is thus fitting that reliability of operations irrespective of day/night is embraced by AAM systems as well. Facilitating the reliability attribute rests on regulatory provisions and introducing technological advancements into the system. On this foundation, operational and regulatory domains of AAM systems should be contemplated on extended trajectory of helicopter operations. Operational: • Envisaged business viability of remote area operations demands AAM systems’dependability for 24×7 operations. Capability of all weather, day/night operations from remote vertiports is a primary mandate. The capability is facilitated via GNSS &SBAS as navigation aids under IFR(Instrument Flight Rules) in remote areas.An indigenous availability of SBAS provides to bridge the gap. • ‘VFR only (Visual Flight Rules)’ limitation for UAM systems could be an incremental milestone for some design houses of AAM systems.However, taking cue from current density of intracity ‘VFR only’ helicopter operations in India, business sustainability of‘VFR only’UAMs is debatable. This risk may be mitigated with suitable design programs in favour of IFR certification for 24×7 operations from the start. • Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) is the obvious preferred option in AAM systems owing to reduced down wash and redundancy critical vertiports. The configuration is fortunately available in most cases. • Indian context is highly price sensitive. Countrywide deployment by small operators would be feasible if its modules are air transportable in standard sized boxes. Deployment philosophy of AAM systems must factor business practicality for limited inventory operators. Modular construction to quickly transport dismantled AAM systems without special/large volume requirements is a business facilitator.Since powered by batteries, certification for safe air transportation would be required. • Certification to pilots for assembly/disassembly of AAM systems and routine field maintenance activities must be facilitated in design itself. This attribute would optimise operational costs and provide impetus to its business realm receptivity. Regulatory Adaptations. • Regulations for 24×7 operations from vertiports are foundational for viability of AAM systems in India. ATM (Air Traffic Management)/ASM (Air Space Management) elements must be visualised to offer max autonomy to AAM systems with minimal interference to prevailing air traffic. • It is natural to anticipate that analogous regulations for helicopters would be fundamental for formalising AAM systems in India. The argument is based on resemblance of AAM operations with helicopters. Current Indian regulations mandate operations for helicopters under IFR by two (02) pilots. This restriction is applicable irrespective of OEM’s certification for single-pilot operations under IFR. Piloted AAMs have so far been observed with single pilot configurations in majority. If so, a challenge to AAM system as an effective business proposition exists for 24×7 operations in India. Since DGCA regulations do not permit single pilot helicopter operations under IFR, single-pilot AAM operations are unlikely to be accepted irrespective of certification status. Not only adversely affecting operating cost, it would implicitly prohibit capable AAM systems to operate under IFR in India. Preparation forIndian Operations Visualised Configuration of AAM Systems Globally emerging configurations of AAM systems is perhaps a continuing process for some more years. Special FARs recently have been proposed by FAA [3] comprehensively covering crew training and type rating requirements. These are implicit concurrences for piloted AAM system philosophy in near future. Hitherto, following attributes emerge for a workable business model in Indian context: • Piloted. • Electrically Powered. • Passenger Capacity of 3-5. • VTOL (Vertical Take off and Landing) Operations. • Certified for Operations under IFR. • Range & Endurance to cover approximately 100nm. • Feasibility of Modular Air Transportation. • Assembly/disassembly of modules by Pilots in field conditions. Ensuing operations by AAM systems from vertiports must thence be structured under IFR (Instrument Flight Rules). Feasibility of operations under IFR in remote areas/hilly terrain must be adapted for restricted real-estate availability at vertiports. Said nature of operations are predicated on space-based navigation aids viz GNSS and SBAS. Fortunately, Indian airspace is adequately equipped in this matter. India has its own SBAS -GAGAN [4],and NavIC [4] the Indian regional GNSS of 10 satellite constellations planned to be operational by 2028[5]for supporting intended operations. Regulations: Introduction of Performance Based Navigation (PBN) framework for heliport operations under IFR as a stepping stone for 24×7 vertiport operations should be obvious.Regulations/ATM/ASMelements for round-the-clock operations in hilly/mountainous terrain are required to facilitate seamless and safe service in remote locations. That, helicopter operations on PBN concept are yet to be realised in India poses an obvious challenge. Resultingly a ‘two-step’ approach is an option. First,shape a similar ecosystem for helicopter operations and then superimpose AAM system requirements on the methodology of taking one-risk-at-a-time. DGCA may thus advance its efforts to embrace relevant ICAO regulations on PBN concept for helicopter operations. The subsequent step would be to deploy AAM system adaptation program wherever demanded

Shared by Aerviva While many are looking forward to the opportunities the new year brings, the aviation sector is bracing for a serious skills shortage. According to the Global Services Forecast, by 2041, the industry will need as many as 585,000 new pilots, and judging by the current recruitment pace, airlines begin to worry that such numbers may not be easy to reach, if possible at all. These concerns can be felt across other areas of operation too — the deficit of aviation mechanics, for example, in the United States alone stands at 24,000 and is projected to only widen in the year to come. Post-pandemic recovery, technological advancements, and sustainability pressures are the key contributors to this challenge, raising the question of how could we approach it differently in 2025? A shortage of skills, not demand It’s no secret that the aviation industry’s workforce gap is compounded by rising demand for air travel. As passenger numbers are set to return to (or even surpass) pre-pandemic levels in the near future, the industry is preparing for an even greater surge in demand, especially in emerging economies like China, India, and Brazil. In China, for instance, having introduced new aircraft like the COMAC C919, the domestic market has never been so competitive, beginning to challenge the dominance of the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. Similarly, the U.S. domestic airline market is seeing a 6% increase in passenger traffic year-on-year, which, again, points to the growing need for skilled professionals. “As the pool of qualified candidates shrinks, competition among recruiting entities is becoming rather fierce,” explains Abdelmagid Bouzougarh, CEO of Aerviva. “In regions like the UK, where a shortage of trained staff has left airlines struggling to meet European and international traffic needs, airlines are developing new strategies to address the issue, such as offering retired pilots to return as either flight crew or training instructors, which illustrates the urgency of the situation.” Rethinking training efforts To tackle the skills shortage, aviation companies are having to rethink how they train and develop their teams — a historical shift in the broader corporate learning and development (L&D) landscape. Now, instead of blindly following traditional, also known as ‘one-size-fits-all’, training models, organisations are discovering the value of personalised learning paths. “We’ve noticed that a more tailored approach is key to increasing staff engagement, proven to empower individuals to grow in ways that align with both personal and organisational goals. In fact, companies prioritising personalised learning initiatives are experiencing lower turnover rates,” notes Bouzougarh. According to Flying Magazine, while the largest carriers seem to be picking up a pace in terms of post-pandemic recovery, regional airlines continue to struggle with staffing challenges, with some still having to offer substantial sign-up bonuses to lure new pilots. Smaller airlines, despite limited resources compared to their larger counterparts, are also taking active steps to address the skills shortage by forming strategic partnerships with training providers, offering personalised learning paths and encouraging a more diverse range of candidates to pursue a career in aviation. These cost-effective approaches can ensure a steady pipeline of skilled talent, which is especially relevant to smaller players facing budgeting limits, seasonality challenges, and other constraints. Other factors like technological advances or ambitious sustainability plans also play into higher demand for innovative technical training solutions. In order to keep up with the operational changes, pilots and maintenance professionals must deepen their knowledge in managing energy-efficient aircraft.Regarding cabin crew upskilling, due to rising safety concerns and disruptive passenger incidents, it is advised to pay more attention to safety and conflict-resolution skills. However, the complex and rapidly evolving regulatory environment further complicates the need for continuous re-training. From automation to upskilling Lengthy qualification timelines (e.g. two years for basic pilot training in the UK and up to four years for air traffic controllers) are yet another contributor to the bottleneck in the aviation talent pipeline. Luckily, automation and AI are here to ease some pressures. Flight simulators, for instance, speed up the training process and give the opportunity to gain practical experience without the risks associated with piloting an actual aircraft. Additionally, predictive maintenance tools are a great help in reducing workloads for technicians, while AI-driven scheduling improves operational efficiency. These modern solutions also remind us that there are two strands to the skills shortage issue: one is about responding to immediate needs, and then there are certain roles that are not getting the attention they deserve. “Today’s market is not just about aerospace engineers or pilots — let’s not forget we need data analysts to optimise maintenance schedules and flight operations, software developers to create advanced flight management systems, and cybersecurity experts to protect those systems from external threats,” comments Bouzougarh. As roles continue to evolve alongside innovations and technology trends, the only way forward is for airlines to invest in training, ensuring their workforce is prepared for the future. Findings from the ‘How the STEM World Works’ study show that almost half of all STEM specialists would rather learn the latest skills than make more money. Thus, not only do new recruits need to be trained to meet the demands of modern aviation, but existing teams also require constant support for their professional development to stay ahead of regulatory and technological changes. In addition to technical expertise, soft skills such as communication, collaboration, and emotional intelligence are becoming more desirable than ever before. Bouzougarh adds: “Industry leaders are calling for a greater emphasis on soft skills training, recognising that even though technical proficiency remains crucial, human-centric skills will drive performance and safety.” It’s important to understand that while technology continues to advance, full automation of daily operations remains a distant prospect. Human expertise is still indispensable, particularly for pilots, crew members, and manual ground operations. The need for flexibility tops all trends Looking ahead to 2025, the aviation industry’s approach to workforce development must align with broader global trends. The World Economic Forum’s Reskilling Revolution initiative, for example, aims to provide better skills and

By Shobha Kulavil The Aerospace and Defence (A&D) industry is constantly evolving to meet the demands of a rapidly-advancing world. As technology progresses by the second, the industry must adapt at the same pace to maintain its crucial role in protecting and navigating both the sky and seas. In 2025, new technologies are expected to reshape the industry, ensuring that it remains a leader in innovation and continues to have a major global impact. Some of the trends that are likely to arise in 2025 are: Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones Drone, a type of autonomous system, is expected to have a growing influence in the years to come. With their remarkable capabilities, UAVs are expanding the scope of human intervention. From surveillance and reconnaissance to more complex tasks such as electronic warfare, search and rescue mission, environmental monitoring, and training, drones are proving to be more than just gadgets—they’re becoming essential tools. Their ability to take on risky jobs that would typically require human involvement is beyond impressive. In the future, UAVs will likely become even more capable, revealing new facets of what they can do and making a significant impact across the industry. ZeroUI will replace the traditional interfaces and transform operations Zero User Interface (ZeroUI) has promising applications in autonomous systems like UAVs and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). It can serve as an optimal Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for voice and gesture control as well as for data analysis and visualization. ZeroUI also plays an important role in training and simulation, enhancing efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It will transform the A&D systems, revolutionizing the way operators engage with complex equipment and data. Gen AI is making systems smarter and safer Generative AI (Gen AI) is fostering a new era of innovation and operational efficiency. It has already made its way smoothly into many areas like aircraft design and optimization, autonomous systems, simulation, predictive maintenance, and more. What’s next? There’s no doubt that this groundbreaking technology will further transform the A&D industry in 2025, turning it upside down with the potential to redefine speed, precision, and decision-making capabilities. Blockchain will enable greater security and transparency Blockchain technology is making waves, paving the way for greater security, transparency, and operational efficiency. It is already being applied in critical areas such as supply chain management, secure data exchange, identity verification, and contract handling. By 2025, blockchain is poised to completely transform the A&D industry, transforming the way sensitive data is managed, boosting traceability, and tightening cybersecurity. The technology is set to redefine trust and modernize complex operations like never before. Hypersonic technology is offering fast and agile systems We are already seeing advancements with hypersonic missiles and vehicles, which are reshaping military strategies. What’s more exciting is that by 2025, this technology could completely transform how we think about defence and travel, with unprecedented speeds and precision. It has the potential to beat traditional defence systems and open up new possibilities for both military and commercial aerospace. Hybrid electric aircraft for sustainable aviation and fuel efficiency Electric and hybrid propulsion technologies are already being developed for smaller planes, aiming to reduce fuel consumption and lower emissions. Looking ahead, these technologies can transform aviation by making air travel more sustainable and cost-effective. Harnessing the power of Industry 4.0 through digital transformation The A&D industry will increasingly adopt Industry 4.0 technologies, such as digital twins and additive manufacturing (3D printing), in 2025. Digital twins will allow real-time monitoring of aircraft systems through their lifecycle, improving maintenance protocols and operational efficiency. Additive manufacturing will enable the production of lightweight components with reduced lead times. (The writer is Vice President and Industry Platform Leader for Aerospace & Defence – India, Capgemini)

By Mr. Ravi Soni, Executive Director, aerpace Industries Ltd. Urbanization in India is advancing at an unprecedented pace, bringing with it challenges of congestion, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. To combat these, innovative solutions are reshaping how we envision urban spaces. Among these groundbreaking innovations, the rise of electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, or air taxis, presents a transformative opportunity. This technology not only addresses pressing urban mobility issues but also plays a significant role in India’s journey toward a greener, more sustainable future. Rethinking Urban Mobility for Sustainability Indian cities are grappling with an overburdened transportation system. Conventional solutions such as expanding road networks and public transport are no longer sufficient. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) offers a sustainable alternative. Powered by clean energy, air taxis can alleviate traffic congestion, reduce carbon footprints, and transform the way people traverse urban spaces. By leveraging green technologies, these vehicles align with India’s commitment to reducing emissions and achieving climate goals. Air Taxis: Green, Efficient, and Revolutionary Unlike traditional vehicles, air taxis operate using electric propulsion systems, making them environmentally friendly. Their vertical take-off and landing capabilities eliminate the need for extensive infrastructure, such as long runways, enabling them to integrate seamlessly into urban landscapes. This feature is particularly crucial in densely populated cities like Mumbai and Delhi, where land is at a premium. The implementation of air taxis can significantly reduce commute times and stress levels. For instance, a journey that currently takes hours due to traffic bottlenecks could be completed in minutes via air taxis. This efficiency translates into enhanced productivity and improved quality of life for millions. Building a Greener Infrastructure For air taxis to thrive, a supporting ecosystem is essential. The development of vertiports – compact landing and take-off zones – will be pivotal. These facilities can be strategically located near transport hubs, business districts, and residential areas, fostering connectivity while minimizing their environmental impact. Additionally, integrating air taxis with renewable energy sources for charging infrastructure can further reinforce their green credentials. By doing so, we can establish a transportation model that not only serves urban needs but also champions environmental sustainability. India’s Role in the UAM Revolution India stands at the cusp of a mobility revolution, with initiatives like “Make in India” poised to bolster the domestic production of eVTOL technologies. By fostering collaboration between government bodies, private enterprises, and infrastructure developers, India can emerge as a global leader in sustainable urban mobility. Challenges such as airspace management, weather adaptability, and regulatory frameworks remain. However, continued innovation, rigorous testing, and adaptive policies will address these hurdles, ensuring the successful deployment of air taxis in the near future. Conclusion Transforming urban spaces into greener, more efficient environments requires bold and forward-thinking solutions. Air taxis epitomize this vision, offering a blend of innovation, sustainability, and practicality. By embracing this cutting-edge technology, India can set a benchmark for urban transformation, paving the way for a cleaner, brighter, and more connected future. The path to greener urban spaces is clear, and it’s soaring high—literally. (As the Executive Director of aerpace Industries, the writer brings over 23 years of rich experience and invaluable expertise in engineering goods production, specializing in Hydraulics and Pneumatics systems.)

Innovative approaches in solving industry-specific challenges Seasonality is an inseparable element of airline operations everywhere, especially in Europe, where carriers are now scheduling 65% more seats in August than in February (up from 50% in 2019), according to McKinsey. Such major fluctuations in demand put an additional strain on workforce management and operational efficiency in a market that is only going to grow. What are the practices airlines and other aviation stakeholders can implement to alleviate the situation? Abdelmagid Bouzougarh, CEO of international aviation recruitment firm Aerviva, shares his insights. How seasonality disrupts workforce management in aviation? While seasonality affects global airline operations in one way or another, the impact differs significantly depending on the region. For example, North American carriers, while somewhat affected by seasonal peaks around major holidays, benefit from well-established and popular year-round routes to warm destinations. Europe is where seasonal fluctuations are significantly stronger – there, major carriers reportedly earn around 30% of their annual revenue and 65% of operating profit in Q3 (when most Europeans take their annual leave). The Asia-Pacific region is yet again different in that regard, with more gradual seasonal variation, influenced by a unique post-pandemic recovery timeline, according to McKinsey. Leisure travel, strongly tied to fixed calendar events, like school holidays, is the driving force behind seasonality in air travel. And the demand for leisure travel has been increasing for a long time before the pandemic. In fact, between 2010 and 2019, leisure air trips across the world grew at 6.6% per year, nearly double the rate shown by business travel. The post-pandemic recovery period only exacerbated this trend, especially in such major markets as the United States, where leisure traffic managed to bounce back more robustly than business travel. As leisure travel becomes more sporadic and less tied to the traditional holiday schedule, this new reality poses additional challenges for the airline industry. “The increasing flexibility in work arrangements creates a snowball effect on aviation operations,” Bouzougarh said. “With nearly 70% of remote-capable workers choosing flexible arrangements, every weekend has the potential to be turned into a long holiday weekend. Combined with seasonal peaks, this creates conditions where companies and their crews are expected to handle more complex operational patterns while maintaining consistent service levels.” The strain on resources is considerable – the airline industry lost at least 400,000 staff members during the pandemic, and not everyone has been equally successful at filling this talent gap. “The recruitment landscape has fundamentally changed,” Bouzougarh said. “Positions that previously attracted dozens of qualified applicants now might receive just a few, and not even necessarily with the required qualifications. This shortage runs the gamut of all aviation roles, from ground handling to senior management.” It is worth noting that these challenges are felt even more acutely by smaller, regional airlines. After the pandemic, larger players managed to attract a significant portion of staff from smaller aviation companies. According to data from European Regions Airline Association (ERA), smaller and regional airlines are now facing attrition rates as high as 25%, which signals a pressing need to rethink talent management and retention strategies. An industry in search of solutions Airlines and airports around the world are responding with novel solutions to staffing issues – from establishing in-house academies to flexible work arrangements. One model that shows a creative approach that balances operational needs with staff engagement is the award-winning ‘four-day-work-and-one-day-innovation’ work model (4D+i) pioneered by Changi Airport Group in Singapore. By creating a framework where Fridays are explicitly dedicated to innovation, CAG not only improved its brand reputation, but also boosted the number of high-quality applications for full-time careers and early career programmes. “Understandably, not every aviation company can afford to radically transform its working model in order to attract talent. The good news is that they don’t really have to, as tried-and-tested approaches like career fairs work just as well. For example, Glasgow Airport’s 2024 Jobs Fair attracted over 2,000 job seekers, which shows that there is significant interest when it comes to career options within the industry,” Bouzougarh notes. In the coming years, AI-powered HR solutions will be commonplace. 67% of HR professionals surveyed by Korn Ferry responded that they see increased AI usage as a top talent acquisition trend for 2025. The aviation industry is already seeing solutions built with its unique needs in mind – like the Amelia platform launched by Airline Pilot Club, which aims to reduce recruitment-related time and costs by up to 30%. However, recruitment is only part of the picture. Retaining staff is becoming increasingly critical. The impact the pandemic had on the exodus of experienced personnel is still felt acutely. “Sadly, high numbers of experienced people were lost from the industry. Not only that but there has also been a large reduction of apprenticeships and technical training, which has created shortages,” Bouzougarh shares. Targeted retention initiatives can go a long way. Airports and airlines across the world are offering comprehensive benefits packages that include public transport discounts of up to 80%, retail discounts, free holiday parking, and access to free skills and training courses. Travel privileges are one of the most sought-after benefits and can include not only free flights, but discounts with rental car companies, hotels, theme parks, and so on. According to ERA, improving tax efficiency is a one of the ways smaller and regional airlines can enhance staff satisfaction. If the company designs a roster closely aligned to national income tax thresholds, crew can earn their income in a more tax efficient manner, without shifting to higher tax-brackets. This is especially true for higher earners, like captains. “Some companies do go the extra mile, like Southwest Airlines, which has made staff recognition a cornerstone of their Culture. With their Southwest Airlines Gratitude (SWAG) platform, they made it easy for peers and colleagues to appreciate one another and redeem valuable gifts,” Bouzougarh elaborates. Mental fitness is non-negotiable According to data from Grokker Innovation Labs, 87% of people in the aviation industry say that

By Sudip Sharma, CEO, Safe Fly Aviation Services Pvt. Ltd. Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles are transforming the aviation industry, promising a sustainable solution to urban transportation challenges. As the technology for these lightweight, electric-powered aircraft rapidly advances, the potential for urban air mobility (UAM) to reshape metropolitan life is becoming clearer. India and the UAE, both with distinctive urbanization patterns and strategic government interest, stand out as markets primed for eVTOL integration. The Asian market, with its rapidly growing population and economic expansion, presents unique opportunities and challenges for the adoption of eVTOL technology. Understanding eVTOL Technology eVTOL aircraft represent a new class of aviation technology, designed to take off and land vertically using electric propulsion. Unlike traditional planes that require runways or helicopters that rely on fuel-guzzling engines, eVTOLs can operate quietly and sustainably within urban areas. The technology leverages advancements in battery efficiency, lightweight materials, and autonomous systems to achieve energy-efficient flights with minimal noise and environmental impact. What sets eVTOL apart from existing air transportation options is its potential for easy access within city limits. Their ability to take off from small spaces, like rooftops or specialized “vertiports,” makes them ideal for urban settings, which face constraints with conventional airport infrastructure. The technology’s reduced carbon footprint aligns with global efforts toward greener aviation, while the autonomous flying capabilities envisioned for future models could make air travel even more accessible. The Global Rise of eVTOL: A Brief Overview The eVTOL market is seeing tremendous investment globally, with major aviation companies, tech startups, and even automotive manufacturers entering the fray. The global demand for eVTOL solutions is driven by the need to address urban congestion and reduce emissions. Notable players such as Joby Aviation, Lilium, and Vertical Aerospace are pioneering models that aim to make short-distance urban flights affordable and environmentally friendly. Around the world, cities like Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Paris are integrating eVTOL services as part of their urban mobility solutions. This global trend underscores the urgency with which urban air mobility solutions are being pursued, as cities explore ways to tackle challenges posed by growing populations and dense traffic. As Asian cities grapple with similar issues, India and the UAE are emerging as potentially significant players in adopting eVTOL to address specific regional needs. Urban Air Mobility and eVTOL: A Natural Fit for Asia Asia’s rapid urbanization has created unique challenges for mobility. The density of major cities in Asia, coupled with the strains on existing transportation infrastructure, makes eVTOL an appealing alternative. While cities like New York or London might benefit from eVTOLs, the scale of impact could be far greater in cities like Mumbai or Dubai, where congestion is a daily challenge. The need for innovative mobility solutions in these densely populated regions is urgent, and eVTOLs could help alleviate congestion by offering a fast, efficient alternative for short to medium-range travel. Furthermore, Asian cities often have limited space for new infrastructure, which makes the vertical take-off and landing capabilities of eVTOLs ideal for this landscape. The Appeal of eVTOL in India India’s ongoing urbanization presents both a challenge and an opportunity for eVTOL adoption. With some of the world’s most densely populated cities, such as Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore, India faces significant traffic congestion and pollution issues. eVTOL technology offers a solution by bypassing ground-level traffic and reducing emissions, aligning with India’s national goals to promote cleaner transportation alternatives. India’s interest in electric vehicles is already evident, with government incentives encouraging the production and adoption of electric cars, scooters, and buses. This trend could pave the way for eVTOL as the next frontier in electric mobility, positioning India as a leader in urban air mobility. Potential areas of application include commercial air taxis, medical emergency transport, and even delivery services in congested city centres. Infrastructure Challenges and Opportunities in India While the potential for eVTOLs in India is enormous, the country’s current aviation infrastructure poses significant challenges. Existing airports and heliports are limited in number and often heavily congested. To support eVTOL, India would need to develop new infrastructure, such as vertiports and charging facilities, as well as establish reliable communication networks for safe air traffic management. There are also opportunities for collaboration between the government, private sectors, and international aviation bodies to address these challenges. The Indian government’s recent interest in fostering startups and innovation within the aerospace industry may offer a favourable environment for eVTOL companies to thrive. Additionally, partnerships with major Indian cities to develop vertiport sites and ensure safe integration with urban transport could accelerate eVTOL adoption. UAE: A Pioneering Market for eVTOL The UAE has long been at the forefront of adopting advanced technologies, and its approach to transportation is no exception. The country’s Vision 2021 and Smart Dubai 2021 strategies emphasize the integration of smart, sustainable technologies in all aspects of urban life, and eVTOL fits seamlessly into these goals. Dubai and Abu Dhabi, in particular, present ideal settings for the launch of eVTOL air taxis and other urban air mobility solutions, thanks to their advanced infrastructure and supportive regulatory frameworks. Dubai, known for its ambition to lead in innovative urban transport solutions, has already been testing drone taxis and advanced air mobility concepts. The Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has been proactive in exploring eVTOL options, aligning with Dubai’s aspiration to transform a quarter of its total trips into autonomous transport by 2030. This progressive vision, coupled with the UAE’s strategic investments in futuristic transportation, suggests a strong and promising market for eVTOL technology. eVTOL Infrastructure in UAE: Setting an Example The UAE’s existing infrastructure and investment in smart mobility create an ideal environment for eVTOL integration. Dubai, in particular, has made strides in pioneering projects aimed at positioning it as a global leader in autonomous transport. The city’s efficient transportation network, which includes dedicated lanes, metro lines, and ride-sharing systems, provides a robust base upon which eVTOL operations can expand. The Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has already partnered with

By Kjell Mathisen, Corporate Training Manager at Aviator Aviation is a tool to connect people across different cultures and abilities worldwide, and every company in air travel must work to expand the accessibility of passenger air service so more people can experience the miracle of flight comfortably. The need to provide equal access to air travel is such an important and shared value that both United Nations conventions and the European Parliament have created laws aimed at ensuring airlines accommodate persons with disabilities. Both UN and EU laws frame regulations concerning passengers with disabilities in terms that grant these passengers rights, meaning that violations of these provisions would constitute discrimination. Despite these laws, airlines and airports occasionally make headlines that lead to government hearings and media scrutiny regarding discrimination. Aviator Airport Alliance, a full-range provider of aviation services at 15 airports across the Nordics and part of the Avia Solutions Group family, ensures airlines can accommodate persons with disabilities daily as part of their behind-the-scenes work in airline operations. Kjell Mathisen, Corporate Training Manager at Aviator, outlines the details of what goes into ground handlers’ efforts to provide accessibility. “When we meet or assist a passenger with a disability the most important thing is respect; everyone should be able to access and fly comfortably, and we work to increase accessibility in several ways,” Mathisen says. “There isn’t a single person who works to make these accommodations; we all work together to provide the best travel experience.” Mathisen explains that there are multiple stages of training on various tasks to enhance accessibility. There are different levels of detail and quality of customer service instilled in each stage to address passenger needs. Every staff member at Aviator receives additional training specific to serving passengers with disabilities, and Aviator uses agreed-upon international guidance to develop this training for airport passenger service and ramp agents. “Our training to accommodate persons with disabilities comes from organizations like the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC), as well as other regulations and recommendations, which provide which provide a code of conduct we must follow,” Mathisen says. “This global standard is reinforced by local regulations and an understanding of best practices we have developed through our experience to ensure passengers receive what they need to fly.” While IATA and other regulators and organizations such as ECAC set a universal standard for training, Aviator, as a full-range service provider, works with several airlines at each airport, with each having different procedures. Mathisen notes that passengers with disabilities inform airlines when they need accommodations such as wheelchair transport. “We receive information on the services required within hours, or sometimes only just in-time before every flight, and occasionally, there is no information provided at all,” he says. “We must always be ready to adjust and cater to passenger needs.” Beyond passenger service, Aviator also supports those with disabilities on the ramp, as wheelchairs and mobility devices are stored in the aircraft’s cargo bay. Mathisen states that ground handlers handle all types of mobility devices several times daily. “When equipped with batteries, mobility devices are regulated as dangerous goods, requiring special regulations and treatment for their flights,” Mathisen says. “This is why we train everyone to understand and share a culture where accommodating and handling these devices is important, ensuring there is no single point of failure.” Mathisen adds that some airports the company handles passengers with disabilities more frequently. “We see increased traffic and offer more accommodations at our stations where there are large hospitals, such as university or specialist hospitals,” Mathisen says. “Many passengers fly to access medical care at this hospital, and we definitely see an uptick in service required, so it’s important that we can provide this connection to medical care.” Mathisen adds that the carriers will also see increased traffic at its other stations related to leisure trips, where the ground-handler and airport service provider’s accessibility helps make vacations possible. Regardless for reason for the trip such as traveling for leisure, medical care, reunion, no matter the circumstance, Mathisen emphasizes his concern for the experience of passengers with disabilities, training Aviator staff to be flexible and provide the best accommodations. “This is an opportunity to build a relationship with our passengers, and we use the increased interaction we have with passengers to foster a positive relationship through this customer service. ( Aviator is part of the Avia Solutions Group family, the world’s largest ACMI provider (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance), operating a fleet of 220 aircraft.) ”

New York,23rd September, 2024: As global air traffic demand exceeds pre-pandemic levels in 2024, airlines are turning their attention to fleet expansion, according to a new report from Alton Aviation Consultancy. Despite record profits, operators need to consider short- and long-term strategies to overcome production issues and secure additional capacity. The global aviation advisory firm today released its independent 2024-2034 Commercial Aircraft Fleet Forecast, offering detailed insight into current market conditions, alongside a 10-year forecast of air traffic demand and the active fleet. Alton’s projections indicate the fleet should increase from 31,000 aircraft in operation today to 41,100 by 2034, marking an annual growth rate of 2.8%.   Adam Guthorn, report co-author and managing director in Alton’s New York office, says: “While dynamics differ in each region, the bounce back of global air travel has seen airlines shift their focus from recovery to expansion. We expect to see global passenger air traffic demand to increase by 4% annually over the next decade, with Asia-Pacific leading new growth. “Across all regions, we’re seeing strong demand for narrowbody jets such as the Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX family aircraft, and we anticipate this trend to continue over the next 10 years. Narrowbody aircraft will account for two-thirds of the market by 2034, rising from 60% today.” Despite optimistic projections, airlines face challenges as OEMs struggle to ramp up the production of new aircraft. The current aircraft shortage coupled with ongoing supply chain uncertainties and new engine technology challenges have prompted airlines to retain older aircraft to meet near-term capacity requirements. Alan Lim, report co-author and director in Alton’s Singapore office, says: “We’re seeing substantial order backlogs that in some cases, stretch to 2030 and beyond. Airlines have responded to the shortage of new aircraft by keeping older aircraft in operation for longer, slowing down retirements. While this solution is anticipated over the next few years, we expect the trend to reverse in the medium term when production delays are resolved. “Any changes to the macroeconomic outlook or geopolitical environment have the potential to tilt the industry’s anticipated rate of growth. To navigate these challenges, airlines will need to be nimble and forward-looking, while considering a range of different eventualities. Keeping focused on the road ahead, carrying on with the execution of long-term strategies while being adaptable to fast-changing industry conditions will be critical to success.”